Build Your Own Sailboat - Bruce Roberts [, PDF] :: Marine Tracker Building boat ramps, whether you are building a ramp for your private use, or in the case of the Department of Game and Inland Fisheries (DGIF), public use, many of the things to be considered are the same. Some of those things are site criteria, permits, design, construction methods and materials, and the type and size of boats to be launched.
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Angle parking is usually easier to accomplish than other parking plans, and reduces the required width of driving lanes in the parking lot. Parking spaces and traffic patterns should be clearly marked to reduce traffic congestion and to ensure maximum efficiency of available parking space. A one percent slope minimum across the parking lot and staging area helps prevent ponding of water on those areas, yet causes a slow runoff that reduces erosion on untreated surfaces. The slope should be directed away from the ramp if possible to prevent gravel, sand, etc.

If two launching lanes are to be constructed, a single pier between the lanes can serve both lanes and reduce costs and insures that one boater cannot tie-up both lanes at the same time.

For high use facilities, a double lane ramp with L-head courtesy piers on both sides will help reduce congestion during peak launching and retrieval time. A line should be painted down the center of the ramp to assist boaters in staying on their side of the ramp. Ramps 16 feet wide are preferred for the general public though many existing foot ramps have proven to be satisfactory at low use facilities. Ramps placed in flowing rivers should enter the river at an angle downstream to reduce the sideward push on the boat as it is being placed on or off the trailer.

Also, a ramp placed at an angle usually accumulates less silt after a period of high water. If a cut in the river bank must be made, lay the slopes back as much as possible to reduce the amount of still water trapped in the cut during flooding, thus reducing the amount of silt deposited on the ramp. Provide stabilized ditches down each side of the ramp to handle runoff during heavy rains. If a pier is needed to assist with launching and retrieving boats, paying close attention to the small details of pier design can save a lot of headaches and maintenance costs.

Though piers can be made of materials other than wood, only wood will be discussed here. Remember that a design that uses standard lengths of lumber will be more economical. Piers can be either floating or fixed. Our experience with floating docks is that they are hard to keep in place unless pilings are provided along the sides for the pier to ride up and down. Metal barrels should not be used for flotation. Plastic encapsulated foam floats are a good choice when flotation is needed.

Note: This sounds good but is not practical, in clay or silt soils it will also result in an unstable piling. Ice damage must be considered on all ramps in Virginia. Ice flowing in rivers and on tides can be especially destructive. If moving ice is expected, the strength of materials must be greater and the design strengthened.

Piers can damage boats, and boats can damage piers. All bolt heads and nails that might come in contact with boats should be recessed. Rubrails might be needed to prevent boats from catching under the pier. The safety of the boaters must be considered in the pier design. Decking should overlap the outside stringers by no more than two inches to help keep the decking from flipping up in the event it comes loose and someone steps on the end.

Many boaters have taken quick trips into the water or their boats from stepping on loose boards when the decking significantly overlapped the outside stringer. Where the water surface will fluctuate significantly, ladders should be installed to assist boaters in boarding boats during periods of low water levels. One accessory that is nice on a pier is a curb. The curb provides a good hand hold while climbing in and out of boats, is an excellent place to tie a boat to the pier, and serves as a kickplate to help keep equipment from being knocked off the pier.

If cleats are still desirable, they can be placed on top of a curb to reduce the possibility of someone tripping over them. There exist a number of ways to construct a concrete boat ramp on the site. Pre-cast concrete slabs suitable for use as a ramp are also available.

The diversity narrows on methods of constructing piers, and is mostly limited to how the pilings are installed. Although concrete can be mixed for placing pouring through water, quality control usually suffers and the final results are poor. This method is typically not allowed by permitting agencies and will not be discussed in this article. The best way to construct the underwater section of a ramp is to cofferdam the ramp area, pump out the water, place pour and finish the ramp in the dry cast-in-place.

This method provides for the best horizontal and vertical control of the slab. For low use ramps, a less expensive method Push Method is to form and pour the ramp on a thin layer of sand or crusher run, allow to cure, then push it into the water with a track machine.

If the ramp is poured on shore, it should be on approximately the same slope as your proposed underwater slope to prevent the slab from breaking on a grade change.

Concrete slabs that are moved into place must be small. A six-inch concrete slab 12 feet wide and 20 feet long weighs about nine 9 tons. Usually slabs longer than 20 feet are required to reach the appropriate depth. A six-inch slab 16 feet wide and 30 feet long weighs about eighteen 18 tons and can usually be pushed with a D-5 bulldozer while still maintaining reasonable control. Lifting and setting pre-cast concrete slabs on a prepared subgrade with a crane is a third method with which the DGIF has had success.

Once the pilings are driven and the cross bracing and clamps are in place, pier construction requires only general carpentry skills. However, a great deal of caution should be used as well as the method used to drive the piling. Wood piling should never be used in conditions where the piling will have to be driven through solid or fractured rock or rock fill material.

Measure the length of your boat trailer, from the tip of its tongue to its tail lights and multiply by two. This is how long your ramp must be; few boat ramps are longer than twice the length of a boat trailer. Measure the width of your trailer. Calculate how large a trench you'll need to dig in order to construct the ramp.

Look up the average tidal change how much the tide goes up and down in the tide tables for your area. Add this figure to your boat's average draft how deeply the boat sits in the water.

If, for example, the tidal change is 6 inches and your boat's average draft is 1 foot, you need at least 1 foot, 6 inches of water to float your boat. Measure the height of the tallest bunk the padded supports the boat rests on when trailered on your trailer: this is the "height of the trailer.

You must be able to launch and retrieve your boat seamlessly, and you can do that by keeping the ramp height at three or four feet. Going lower than three feet can cause damage to your boat and ramp, which is a huge headache for you in terms of repair. There are different materials for the construction of a boat ramp, but you should choose the highest quality materials in order to build a heavy duty ramp.

In a simple boat ramp, the basic materials you need are:. If you are using a boat trailer to launch or haul your boat, you need Build Your Own Boat Launch Process to measure the whole length of the vehicle and multiply the measurement by two. The sum is the recommended length of your ramp. And then you need to determine the size of the trench that you should to dig for the boat ramp construction.

Combine this figure to the regular draft or the depth in water that your boat sinks in the water. The result is the Depth of Water needed to keep your boat floating. And then figure out the height of the padded support or tallest bunk that is located on the trailer where your boat is attached.

This measurement is called the height of the trailer. The formula is:. Always check for the measurements no matter what kind of ramp you want to build, or the type of boat you have. Do not neglect to find out of your boat ramp construction needs a permit from the city or town offices.

Even if you are building a boat ramp in your own land, double check if there are documents needed to be filed. It is better to be sure and confident in your boat ramp construction, than face legal problems later on because you failed to file for a permit.




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